Myth Busters on Egg Donation

by Elaine R. Gordon, Ph.D. and Peggy Orlin, MFT, Members of the AFA Mental Health Advisory Council

Myths surrounding gamete donation, like urban legends, are told and retold as truths when, in fact, they have little or no basis in reality. Most of the time they are false but some of the time there is an element of truth which serves not only to scare and confuse intended parents but to fuel the myth. Gamete donation practices are rapidly changing due to the incredible advances being made in the field of reproductive medicine but the social and psychological implications of this area lag far behind. These myths are misrepresentations of what we know to be true and they need to be dispelled.
The most often cited myths in gamete donation are:

1. I won’t bond with my baby if there is no genetic connection.
FALSE
Nothing could be further from the truth. Nevertheless, this is a fear often heard from those who have been advised to consider gamete donation as a family building option. Emotional connectedness emanates from one’s heart and does not reside within one’s chromosomes. Look around at those you love in your life…your spouse, best friend, partner, cat, dog….are you genetically related?  Bonds are forged on the ability to be open and allow one to be vulnerable in a relationship with another. It is this emotional availability that connects one individual to another and not one’s genes. This is not to say genes are unimportant because they are the seeds of who we are but they are not the determinants of whom we will love and bond. Societies have been historically organized in family units based on bloodlines simply because it just made sense. Globalization is changing all that and we are seeing a shift away from the biogenetic family to a more all-encompassing notion of family that includes non-genetic members. If you want to bond, you have to trust that you will and just let it happen.

2. Donors are donating SOLELY for the money.
FALSE
While it may be true that donors do want the compensation, this is definitely not the complete truth. Most donors have a personal commitment to the donation process. Some because they have witnessed a friend or a family member struggle with infertility as well as experience the joy of a subsequent success. Others see the donation as a way to give back; they tend to be young women who volunteer in their communities and see helping others as an important personal responsibility. There are some that report that donors may have a need to come to terms with unresolved guilt from a previous abortion and choose to donate in order to make-up for what they did. Finally, there are donors that do no see children in their personal futures and see donation as a means of “continuing on” in the genetic sense. Yes, financial compensation is a motivator but it is only one of the many factors that draw women to become egg donors. The altruistic component weighs just as heavily in a donor decision to donate. Donors are evaluated in many ways and on many levels. One aspect of the screening is to assess ‘need’ from ‘want’. While $25k in student loans points to a person’s drive and ambition to achieve, the same debt on a credit card debt may speak to impulsivity and irresponsibility. The donor demonstrating the latter would be considered an inappropriate donor and not pass screening. Donors understand the implications of their donation and their motivation to donate includes both an altruistic as well as a financial component.

3. Donors lie on their applications in order to “pass” screening.
FALSE
Donors, in general, are not inclined to lie on their application but because we can never say never, a system has been put in place in an effort to identity those that might be less than forthright when filling out their donor application.  For the most part donors are well meaning individuals who are donating for all the right reasons and are also grateful for the added benefit of being compensated for their efforts. They are not doing it solely for the compensation nor are their efforts totally altruistic. Legitimate agencies and medical practices offering up donors require them to undergo a thorough and comprehensive evaluation, which serves to weed out inappropriate applicants. There is a checks and balance system built into the process that substantiates and verifies the information donors provide. Information is gathered through an in-depth interview, psychological testing, genetic history, and medical screening. It allows the evaluator to cross check information and assess the veracity of the application. It is important to restate that most donors do not deliberately falsify their applications.

4. My partner will feel more entitled as the parent since he/she is genetically connected to the child.
FALSE
The answer is both yes and also no.  If your relationship with your partner is based on competition and rivalry, it is very possible one partner will use his/her genetic tie to assert their sense of entitlement. However, if you and your partner operate as a team and one does not ‘one-up’ the other, entitlement becomes a non-issue. It is important that the genetic parent does not use the genetic tie as a weapon against the other and that the non-genetic parent behaves in an entitled fashion and has confidence in their entitlement to parent. The one caveat here is that despite the parents’ feelings about who does or does not have a stronger hold on the child, it is the child who will dispel this myth. Children want to be loved, nurtured, and cared for. The parent who meets these basic needs is the one that will be reinforced by the child and this will have nothing to do with who has the genetic connection with the child. A child will respond to the attentive parent not the neglectful one; they will bond and love the one that is there to attend to their needs. Parents who are a team will get the lion’s share of their child’s love and devotion.

5. The donor will come back and interfere with my life-she might even lay claim to my child.
FALSE
Donors are not donating because they are interested in becoming parents. If they want to become a parent, they certainly do not need us nor do they need to go through the rigors of a donation process. Donors and recipients have two opposing perspectives on fertility and donation. On the one hand, a donor is a fertile being who has never struggled with the trials and tribulations of infertility; they have confidence in their fertility and view the donation process as easy and interesting. On the other hand, recipients have usually been beaten down by their infertility plight and look at donation as the end of the line. It is difficult for recipients to grasp the idea that donors are not interested in any ongoing relationship with you or your child. This does not mean they don’t care or are without feelings. Donors donate for a variety of reasons. There is no angst over failed cycles or repeated disappointments. Donors assume fertility whereas recipients assume infertility. It is difficult for the intended parent to grasp the ease with which donors can donate because their experience in trying to have a child has been thwarted again and again. Donors donate with the sole intention of helping someone else have a child. They have no interest in participating in the child’s life, as they do not see their donation efforts as equated with parenthood. Ask any donor and you will hear the same sentiment, “I am not the parent!”.

6. Donors will donate more than the recommended number of times leading to unintended consanguinity.
FALSE
Consanguinity is the state of being related by blood or descended from a common ancestor. It relates to ‘being of the same blood’ and the feared consequence of donors donating too many times. Inadvertent consanguinity resulting from egg donation is possible if a donor donates two or more times and if the resulting children are unaware of their genetic histories. Statistically we need to remember that consanguinity is highly unlikely.  In order to minimize this small but real risk, guidelines have been established by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, which have advised a limit of no more than twenty-five pregnancies per sperm donor in an effort to diminish the risk of inadvertent consanguinity. This is much higher than the six cycles recommended for egg donors.  In general, donors are bright and thoughtful young women who have been counseled on the medical and psychological aspects of donation including how many times they should donate. They are also made aware of the risk that donation may pose to their own health. Most donors are disinclined to donate more times than what is advised and are unwilling to do anything that will put their own health at risk.  Therefore, unintended consanguinity is an unlikely scenario. Donors are proud of what they are doing and are excited about helping others have children. They have no intention of endangering anyone’s health…not their own and not the children they are helping create.

7. Every young woman who applies to be a donor is accepted.
FALSE
Donor applicants are required to undergo a rigorous evaluation process that includes a medical, a psychological, and legal contracts. Only about ten percent of potential donors pass muster and are accepted as suitable participants in an egg donation arrangement. They may fall out or be disqualified at any point in the screening process. The donor evaluative process usually starts with an in-depth written application of about fifteen to twenty pages in length. Along with this questionnaire are photos of donors and their families, with some programs requesting childhood pictures. After careful review of this initial questionnaire a psychological interview is completed by a licensed mental health practitioner. In addition, a psychological test battery is administered. Many programs also require a meeting with a genetic counselor in an effort to assess genetic risk. A thorough medical screening is completed by the treating physician, which includes blood work and a physical exam. Also, potential donors must be non-smokers, free of infectious diseases, non-drug users and have the flexibility in their schedule to meet the appointment demands of an IVF cycle. Only screened, qualified, enthusiastic, organized, responsible women get through the rigors of this process.

8. My family will reject my child if they know that I used donor eggs.
MOSTLY FALSE
This is a complicated question that has no “one size fits all” answer. Families will have different responses when it comes to the acceptance or rejection of a child born from a donor gamete. Some families will embrace the child without a second thought while others will not. Determinants of whether or not a child will be accepted or rejected depend on a multitude of factors including, family values, religious beliefs, psychological health, cultural biases, and level of family dysfunction. Taking all these factors into consideration will guide you in deciding what to share and what to keep private. If you are concerned that your family members will reject your child merely based on his/her genetic make-up, it might be useful to examine your fear and understand why you feel that way. Is your family really likely to reject your child? Are you projecting your own fear of not loving your child onto them?  If after making an honest assessment of your family’s reaction to your child and concluding that rejection is a real threat, there are some steps for you to take. Some parents choose to tell their family about the donation after the child is born…when they are all “in love” with the child.  Others choose to tell the child and not inform the other family members, keeping that information private until the child chooses to disclose. Once you have bonded with your child, the issue of family rejection will become moot and your worries will dissipate.
(For a discussion on disclosure to children there is an excellent article in the AFA archives on Talking to your children about Ovum Donation. It is a “must read”.)

Elaine R. Gordon, Ph.D. is a clinical psychologist with a specialty in infertility, child development, reproductive medicine, and third party family building. Her clinical work involves individual therapy, group process for couples and individuals, medical staff training and third party evaluations. Her involvement with egg donation and surrogacy programs has stimulated interest in issues surrounding secrecy, disclosure and anonymity in third party arrangements. As an outgrowth of her work she has become increasingly concerned about the ethical and moral dilemmas involved in reproductive medicine. Dr. Gordon is the author of “Mommy, Did I Grow in Your Tummy? Where some babies come from, a children’s book dedicated to explaining a child’s unique reproductive beginnings.

Peggy Orlin, MS, MFT, is a Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in the emotional aspects of infertility and third party family building. She is in private practice in Berkeley and San Francisco. In addition, she counsels donors, gestational carriers and recipients at Pacific Fertility Center. Her professional associations include the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, where she was a former Chair of the Mental Health Professional Group. She is on the Mental Health Advisory Board of the AFA.

Co-Founder, Stephanie Goldman-Levich of Family Creations wrote an article that was published on fertilityauthority.com. She shares her personal adoption story, and why she believes that it is love, not blood, that makes a family. 

“I’ve Always Known I Was Adopted”

By Stephanie Goldman-Levich, April 14, 2010

I started Family Creations — an international egg donor program that helps match intended parents with egg donors — with the firm belief that families can come in all shapes and sizes, that they can be created in any number of ways, that the way it usually works isn’t always the way it has to. I believe it’s love — not blood — that makes a family, a belief that is very personal to me and my story. Because 28 years ago, I was adopted.

Twenty-eight years ago, an 18-year old woman named Amy contacted an adoption agency. She found out she was pregnant and knew she couldn’t give her baby the life it deserved, no matter how much she wanted to. She decided very courageously to put me up for adoption. When she contacted the agency, they asked what kind of criteria she was looking for in an adoptive family.

“I don’t have any criteria,” she said. “I only want my baby to go to the people who have been waiting the longest.”

Across town, another family was waiting for a call. My adoptive mom was 24 years old when she first met my dad. They fell madly in love. One day, my mom arrived home to find my dad there eagerly awaiting her arrival. Upon seeing her, he knelt down on one knee with a beautiful engagement ring in hand. But she had kept a secret from him, one that had haunted her, one that always tempered the excitement she felt about their future together.

When my mom was 13 years old, she had a severe infection that resulted in a hysterectomy. Before she ever had the chance to even think about it, she was robbed of the ability to have children of her own.

She hadn’t told my dad, out of fear that he would reject her. But on that fateful day, she had little choice. She told tell him the horrible truth she’d had to live with for so long. His response? “Sue, I love you. That is what matters. That’s the only thing that matters. And one day, we will adopt. We will have a family. And we will love our children as if they were our own. Because they will be.”

They got married and, four years later, they applied to adopt. After filling out all the paperwork, after providing photos and stories of themselves, they were told that it would only be a matter of time. And so they waited. And waited. And waited. Nearly a year went by, until the adoption agency they were waiting to hear from received that call from Amy, asking that the couple that waited the longest raise her child.

In that moment, with that call, before I was even born, I had a family.

I’m always asked how I found out that I was adopted. Especially working in donor egg field, future parents selecting an egg donor often ask me if they should tell their children that they were conceived by use of a donor.

I always advocate for full disclosure. My parents introduced me to the idea of adoption before I even understood what the word meant. They would say things like, “Mommy and Daddy wanted a baby so badly, and Mommy couldn’t have a baby, so a wonderful woman helped us have you.” As I grew older, it was easy to wrap my head around the concept, and to feel comfortable with what it meant. When I’m asked the question, “When did you find out you were adopted?” my answer is always the same:

“I’ve always known.”

There are few decisions more personal than the decision to tell your child that its story isn’t the same as the other children. What my parents did for me may not have been the only right way, but it was unconditionally right.

And our relationship, all these years later, is as strong as it is because they have always been so honest and open with me, and because they’ve let me understand who I am and where I came from.

They made me who I am today. They made me family.

Families do come in all shapes and sizes. That I knew with certainty as a child. And as a fertility consultant, I know it with even more conviction today.

Love is not about how a family is created. It’s about everything that comes after that.

—————————————————————————————————————-
Stephanie Goldman-Levich is a Co-Founder of Family Creations, LLC. She and her business partner Julia Alkire-McConnell founded Family Creations in 2006.

Stephanie and Julia have been named two of America’s Top Entrepreneurs Under the age of 30 by Inc. Magazine and have been featured in various publications including Valley Life, and ForbesWoman.

___________
Link to article: http://www.fertilityauthority.com/articles/i-was-adopted-its-love-not-blood-makes-family

C0-Founders Stephanie Goldman-Levich and Julia Alkire at Illuminations 2010

The American Fertility Association is a wonderful non-profit organization. Through educational programs they work to provide information about reproductive health, how to prevent infertility whenever possible, and also offer support and professional information to those that are struggling with infertility and family building.

Every year, they host an event called Illuminations where supporters gather with a common goal in mind; to raise money for such an important organization. Family Creations is a proud supporter and sponsor of the AFA and Illuminations and is so pleased to learn that the event helped raise over $100,000.

Dr. Guy Ringler, M.D. of California Fertility Partners and Will Halm, Esq. of National Fertility Law Center were honored for their outstanding work in the reproductive community and were presented awards by Holly Robinson Peete and the Creator of Desperate Housewives Marc Cherry. As the AFA’s National Spokesperson, Brenda Strong of Desperate Housewives led the evening’s awards and speeches.

To learn more about the American Fertility Association please visit: http://www.theafa.org/

The Staff of Family Creations at their Open House – From left: Emily Penn, Mechelle Langley, Julia Alkire, Stephanie Goldman-Levich, Azar Mortazavi, Betsy Bina, and Sara Pacheco

On March 19^th, the staff of Family Creations gathered with their family and friends for their open house in their new office space. Family Creations was founded over four years ago, and since its inception has assisted over 300 clients in achieving their dream of a family. The open house was a wonderful way to not only showcase thier new office space, but to celebrate the rewarding work that they get to be a part of every day.

Family Creations Congratulates the G. family from Maryland on the birth of their 2 beautiful babies! A healthy boy and girl were born this past weekend and their new mommy and daddy could not be happier.

We received a special thank you note from the new parents; however Family Creations really thanks them for allowing us to be a part of and share in such a beautiful and miraculous process. Congratulations from all of us here at Family Creations!

Our New Home!

Family Creations has moved!

We are proud to announce that our office has relocated. We have planted our feet at the beautiful Warner Corporate Center in Woodland Hills.

Our new address is:

Family Creations, LLC
21300 Victory Blvd. #760
Woodland Hills, CA 91367

We look forward to a wonderful year ahead in our new space.

First off, donors’ traveling out of their remote area and even out of state for a cycle is extremely common.  An estimated 80% of our cases involve out of state travel.

When a donor is required to travel for a cycle, she will typically make a total of two trips.  The purpose of the first trip is for the donor to meet with your physician and complete the necessary medical screening.  This is a quick day trip and the donor can typically fly in and out on the same day, or sometimes one overnight stay is required.

The donor will travel again towards the end of the cycle (this time with a companion) so that that your doctor can monitor her very closely leading up to the egg retrieval.  They can stay anywhere from 5-12 days and the length of time will be determined by your physician.

There are several appointments that a donor will have at an outside monitoring facility close to where she lives.  Family Creations will locate the best facility, and your doctor will send orders for the tests that he or she would like performed.  These are typically for ultrasounds and blood work and the results are all sent back to your doctor.  (This way your physician is still the one facilitating the cycle.)

Family Creations will make all the necessary travel arrangements for the donor and her companion throughout the cycle.  We book flights, arrange the hotel, and also arrange ground transportation for the donor.  We collect an expense deposit at the start of the process so that we are able to book the necessary arrangements.  A full breakdown of expenses is provided to you at the close of the cycle and any left over funds are returned.

On each donor’s profile, it states weather or not that donor is willing to travel.  Most of our donors are very willing to and they actually enjoy the idea of experiencing a new place they might not otherwise have the opportunity to visit.

While finding a local donor does save a bit on cost, it is not always possible.  Many times, clients hope to find a local donor but then come across a donor out of state who has all the characteristics they had been hoping to find.  Again, this type of travel is very common, and Family Creations facilitates all of the arrangements.

If you have any other questions related to the travel process for donors, don’t hesitate to call us at 818-225-1700.

We are pleased to announce that in the past 3 months, we have celebrated over 15 positive pregnancy test results with our clients! Each call we receive with the good news, and each and every new arrival announcement and baby picture we receive is just another reminder of how blessed we are to be a part of this special journey. We thank our clients for allowing us to be a part of their pathway to parenthood. And a special thank you to the caring and generous egg donors that make this process possible.

Family Creations had the pleasure of attending an AFA (American Fertility Association) event called Manicures and Martinis.  On November 10^th, 2009 Family Creations and a group of other young woman enjoyed manicures and the AFA’s signature drink “The Fertilini”, an organic alcohol free cocktail at Bellacures Salon in Beverly Hills, California.  Dr. Guy Ringler with California Fertility Partners spoke and educated everyone about the harmful effects of STD’s, environmental toxins associated with infertility, and what preventative measures can be taken to reduce the chance of infertility.  The AFA is not only dedicated to helping people navigate through the world of infertility, but also preventing infertility through education.  Family Creations thanks both the AFA and Dr. Ringler for sponsoring such an important event!